Behavioural Influence of Executive Pay Plan Essay

Behavioural Influence of Executive Pay Plan - Essay Example While economists tend to place importance on money as a strong motivator, behavioural scientists tend to consider it weak. Pendleton, A. notes in his book: "achieving change in employee attitudes and behaviour has often been an important objective of those introducing employee share ownership schemes. It is thought that share-owning employees will feel greater commitment to the firm and a greater sense of identity with its aims"(154). The idea of inculcating a higher sense of ownership among employees to enhance overall company performance seems to be the underlying reason for this new plan. Whether there is a direct relationship between share ownership and greater employee motivation and commitment is debatable. It is however likely that ownership which encompasses employee participation can make the employees react in a positive manner. "Consistent with incentive theory, the evidence also shows that firms and workplaces with shared compensation practices have a higher incidence of shared decision-making/information sharing practices" (Conyan and Freeman 1). From the employee perspective, making employees stakeholders, can induce a higher sense of responsibility among them and give them a sense of greater role in decision-making. However if this expectation is not met, it could then lead to a sense of frustration and discontentment. The other reason for employee discontent could be related to share value. If it falls for reasons that employees perceive as beyond their control it could work as a demotivator and impact employee morale. Aptly pointed out by Cooper and Rousseau: As the destiny of employees becomes more tightly integrated through ownership via financial participation, issues of work/life separation (shared futures with the fortunes of the organization) and the very meaning of work will be raised. What will be the consequence for employees in terms of role confusion, wellbeing and stress levels, work values, commitment, cooperative versus competitive behaviours The confusion in identities also comes hand-in-hand with an increasing diversity of psychological contracts at work-or certainly the attitudinal stances within these contracts towards HRM policies aimed at a performance culture, and shared risk policies and practices (Sparrow 2000a). Not all employees seek increased financial participation or involvement in their organization. The assumptions of generic improvements in motivation, commitment, and engagement with the commercial process that seem to underlie much of the popular discussion of employee ownership are by no means proven. Inde ed, there are more grounds to expect wide individual differences in the in the attractiveness of such a concept, and the relevant outcomes noted above ( 52). The new reward system is bound to influence employee perceptions and impact behavioural factors which will influence motivation, performance and morale. This is discussed below. Commitment and Recognition versus Individual Goals Mitchie, Oughton and Bennion note that "the positive effect that involvement and participation policies have on motivation and commitment may be enhanced and made more effective and

Parenting styles Essay Example for Free

Parenting styles Essay 1.What are the different parenting styles used by families? Which do you think is better? Why? The three different parenting styles used by familes are authoritarian style, permissive style and democratic style. In my opinion, the better style of the three is the democratic style. Reason being, I believe kids should be disciplined and learn how to behave in a controlled environment for the future, but I also believe children should have their voices heard. I also believe that kids should make their own decisions in life because they wont have their parents their whole lives and need to learn how to live and make decisions on their own. The democratic style of parenting allows this to come into play. It is stern with the rules, but allows freedom for the children to make their own life choices, within reason. 2.What makes a person ready for parenthood? When should an individual consider entering parenthood? Who should postpone parenthood? Should everyone become a parent eventually? Do you think some people should not become parents altogether. A person whos ready for parenthood is one who has a stable job and income. One who can support the financial and emotional needs of a child and one who is ready to take on the responsibility of a life. An individual should consider taking on the task once they have a stable income, job and can provide for the child. One should also consider becoming a parent when he/she feels it is the correct time to do so. One should postpone parenthood if they feel as if they cannot be there 100% for their child. If they cannot financially support themselves, then they should not take on the responsibilities of caring for another life, especially one who cannot care for themselves. I don’t believe everyone should become a parent eventually. If you are not the caring and nurturing type of person and would not be  content with caring for another life, I do no think it would be a good idea to have a child. Some people are just not cut out for parenthood. Becoming a parent takes a lot of sacrifice. Whether it may be holding off on climbing the ladder of success or taking personal time away, parents are always sacrificing themselves for their children. If one is not ready for that type of commitment, then they should not enter the world of parenthood.

How Harper Lee explores the theme of prejudice in the novel To kill Ess

How Harper Lee explores the theme of prejudice in the novel To kill a mockingbird? Harper Lee explores the theme of prejudice in her novel, set in a small town called Maycomb. Maycomb County was, and still is, situated in the state of Alabama. Alabama is a state of The United States of America. 'To kill a mockingbird'. What does this mean and in what ways are they shown in the novel? It is a sin to kill a mockingbird because it does not do any harm or faults to a person, but just sing its heart out to them people. The voice of a mockingbird is a 'sweet' voice and they sing songs. It is like killing someone or something that is innocent and hasn't done anything to harm. This does take place in this novel by Harper Lee. The story is based on mixed cultures and how the people of Maycomb county react to the situations happening in their county and their views about it and on the whole of society. This story was set in the times of the 1930's but was written by Harper Lee in the 1960's. There are different ways of showing that a person is prejudiced. In Maycomb, people stick or stay put to their views about other people. You can show prejudice to someone by race, class, gender, wealth, sex and in the other smallest possible ways. These ways of prejudice are all shown in Maycomb County. The main point is that the white coloured people give racial comments or abuse to the black coloured people who are part of the same community. In the in 1930's, the whites where much more higher in all aspects. This is because the blacks were kept as low-paid workers and were lower classed than the white community. The blacks were treated in the worst manner or possible way a whit man could treat a black person. In Mayco... ...in the southern countries of America. There are signs in America that changes are taking place and developing. People had begun to recognize that blacks should be allowed to live equally. Hopes of changes are shown because Mr. Underwood was a racist person but in his editorial he thought it to being the 'senseless killing and slaughter of children'. The jury took longer than usual to make their decision showing changes and that Mr. Cunningham tried to influence the jury to let Tom Robinson free and keep him and innocent man when Mr. Cunningham himself was a part of the Lynch mob who wanted to hang Tom Robinson after he was put into the county jail. These are the hopes that are evidently showing and appearing in the county. Aunt Alexandra also starts to change and care more for the children. These are the changes that are taking place in Maycomb County.

Groupon Strategy

1. How have companies like Groupon affected the pricing strategy of firms? Historically, companies have issued coupons in order to attract new business or irregular customers that seldom purchase a company’s products and/or services, with the hope that they come back more often. This is consistent with the idea that getting new customers is more expensive that maintaining a customer base.Companies’ approaches when issuing coupons have usually been one of three: 1) taking a small hit (loss) in order to stimulate subsequent buys (â€Å"loss leaders†), 2) incentives and bonuses (free items when another one is purchased), or 3) making a lower profit, but nevertheless a profit, by issuing price discrimination coupons. All in all, these approaches usually constitute a minimal economic encouragement that only super-couponers seem to really take advantage of.Groupon and its competitors, on the other hand, offer discounts that are usually much more aggressive, usually 50% or more off the retail price (keeping half of the transaction value for itself). Since these social, mass deals reach high numbers of consumers, these daily coupons that make available large discounts have eroded from the consumers’ minds the idea of a fixed retail price. Companies that do use the Groupon approach hope in the mass success of the discount and that a portion of those new customers will become regulars.But for companies that don’t adopt the Groupon model for issuing discounts, they risk losing or never getting those customers that don’t want to pay the full retail price, specially if those customers never bought any goods or services from them. Nowadays, companies’ pricing strategies that don’t consider the effect of online social coupons on their own margins might lose their appeal if they continue issuing regular, unattractive coupons that average consumers would not consider appealing enough. The consumer is not necessarily depend ent on the terms dictated by the vendor anymore. . How have companies like Groupon affected consumers’ perceptions of prices? For consumers other than super-couponers, meaning, those consumers that are not like bargains but don’t spend the time to hunt for the best deal, Groupon and its competitors have been revolutionary: these companies find attractive businesses, negotiate with them the deals, and deliver the coupons in convenient, effortless ways for consumers to find (online, in mobile devices, via e-mail and social media as friends’ recommendations, etc. ).For these consumers that didn’t or maybe couldn’t find the best deals, the best deals and finding them, making the purchase experience fast and convenient. And even for free, if enough of your friends buy a deal you recommended to them. In this sense, the buying experience has become a more interactive, social experience, where the best deals and shared and echoed online. This is making cus tomers exponentially smarted, maybe not about the true cost of products and discounts, but certainly about what they and their friends are willing to pay for them.Groupon has also broadened the standards of what consumers are willing to spend money on, especially when it comes to more unusual experiences that were not part of a buyer’s purchasing habits. As long a the price is low enough, Groupon is making it possible for consumers to spend their money on great deals for, likely, unnecessary but gratifying experiences, sharing with others the buying experience and, who know, a hot air balloon ride. 3. What is the downside for firms using Groupon? How can firms mitigate it?Some businesses have argued that the Groupon – offering deep discounts for daily deals, usually with a maximum number of coupons available – disproportionally benefits consumers more than businesses. These firms complain that discounts purchased on Groupon, for example, are great for attracting large crowds of customers who never materialize on the promise to become regular customers. This type of situations leaves the firm at a loss, having provided goods or service 75% below their retail price and without the returning customers to make up for it.To mitigate this, firms should work with Groupon and the like to find better ways to reinforce policies, such as making a deal available for first time customers only. Or by offering a discount that is only good if a required number of future purchases is pre-bought. Of course, these approaches would likely scare off a number of customers genuinely interested in assessing the quality of a product and service, not wanting further commitment. Psychologically, it might be hard for consumers to become regular customers and have to pay twice for a product or service they’ve already experienced for half the price.The best solution is for firms to offer such a high quality or differentiated product, service, and/or customer exp erience that costumers will want to come to come back. 4. What will be the long run effect of companies like Groupon? Groupon and similar companies will likely become the standard way coupons and discounts are offered to most consumers. Offering discounts through these firms will become an entry requirement for many new businesses, especially those offering more obscure or less common products and services.Nevertheless, any business in any market could potentially benefit from offering discounts through online social mass coupon firms, such as Groupon. Today, it has become a sound approach for firms that are not attracting enough buyers and traffic with their retail prices. If retailers don’t make the necessary adjustments to their pricing strategies now, they might have to come to Groupon or its competitors as a last resource to increase revenue through an attempt to increase consumer traffic and online buzz (added bonus advertising for using Groupon).It is unlikely most fir ms attempting to remain unchanged in regards to its pricing strategy will stay relevant for long; they must acknowledge the pricing threats of Groupon and the like. Customers, either by choice or by constant exposure to aggressive online discounts, are become smarter and savvier shoppers. The retail price is becoming dangerously easy to avoid for firms not willing to recognize new pricing strategies.

Mobile marketing trends

Mobile marketing trends in India Marketing is the social process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others. The marketing concept is a philosophy. It makes the customer, and the satisfaction of his or her needs, the focal point of all business activities. It is driven by senior managers, passionate about delighting their customers. Marketing Is a mall element for the successful sale of any product.Products like a soap or toothpaste or a car and lots more require a good marketing strategy. Mobile phone is most commonly found product and which does require marketing plans to Improve its sale. Mobile marketing requires high funds and therefore the funds are sanctioned. Samsung, MicroVAX, spice, and many other Internationally recognized brands spend a lot of money for mobile marketing. Under marketing plans mobile marketing has gained a huge exposure and is one the most popular marketing. What is mobile m arketing?Using different techniques of marketing like manners or advertisements or newspaper pictures or clippings or banners on buses or rickshaws to increase the sale of the mobile phone is mobile marketing. The purpose of this essay Is therefore to analyze the ways in which mobile marketing works and the factors that led to the huge success behind It. Whilst it is clear that there are many factors, which influence a particular decision, in a similar way many factors influence marketing of a mobile phone. Factor such as substitute or complementary goods for mobile phone will surely affect marketing strategy of a particular mobile phone.If tablets or Pads have better marketing plans then It will definitely create an Impact on the consumers. The sale of mobile phones will see a downfall. Another such factor would be the special Influences and then the main factor is the tastes and preferences. Producers have found out the taste of the consumers or the main objective behind buying su ch devices and create different marketing plans based on the consumers interest. They try to attack the weakness of the consumer and somehow convince them to buy the mobile.Mobile phones use the social networking APS and special plans created by the outwork carriers, which help the poor to buy a mobile phone too. Social networking APS are the main target. Social networking basically is – Interpersonal interaction is the gathering of people into particular gatherings, in the same way as little provincial groups or an area subdivision, in the event that you will. Albeit person-to-person communication is conceivable In individual, particularly in the work environment, colleges, and secondary schools, It Is most famous on the web.This Is on the grounds web is loaded with a large number of people who are looking to meet other individuals, to accumulate and impart direct data and encounters about cooking, playing golf, planting, creating companionship proficient collusions, discove ring occupation, business-to-business Advertising and even gatherings offering data about preparing treats to the Flourish Development. The points and premiums are as differed and rich as the story of our universe. Regarding online long-range interpersonal communication, sites are ordinarily utilized.These sites are known as social locales. The most used social networking sites are backbone, twitter, IBM. These social networking sites have their APS, which can be installed in the smart phones and phones. Mobile marketing trends have been dominating the early 2014 (business insider INDIA). The way social networking sites have created a huge impact on the mobile marketing trends are somewhat like, better gee targeting. Gee focusing on or area based portable Promoting is truly energize for advertisers and has picked up massive prevalence throughout the last few years.This is a vital pattern that truly brings quality to shoppers by giving them a chance to discover items and administrati ons in their area when they need. Gee focusing on is one of the heavenly vessels of specialty focusing for advertisers in light of the fact that it makes your brand pertinent to the buyers, helping it to addition footing. Inns, restaurants and stores are the leaders in terms of gaining by the area-based administrations. Time for nonirritating and micro content are also very different trends that commonly are known. Nonirritating alludes to focusing on a particular set of individuals from a given gathering.For instance, while arriving at crowds on a social outworking stage like Backbone one can thin down the intended interest group focused around their experience, demographic, areas, and so forth. Case in point, assume you are beginning up with operations Just in India couple of neighboring nations, then why squander your valuable Advertising bucks on arriving at everybody. Simply narrowest! Make a fight for the individuals in these geologies and receive the best in return. Nonirrita ting will be considerably more vital in the following few months to come as substance with setting is getting to be more critical by the day.Portable promoting makes it much simpler. 3 Concerning substance in the versatile advertising space, it has gotten shorter and will keep on getting shorter. That is the manner by which it better speaks to versatile viewers. A six second feature or a snatch photograph with a reasonable message is fit for doing a ton greater to your brand than one can envision. 3 Mobile instant messaging is the aspect that has been targeted and is still used by the producers to gain the attention of the consumers. There is a gigantic surge in the quantity of dynamic clients of versatile based social informing applications likeWeight, Watchstrap, Trek Errand person, and so on. This plainly shows that buyers are truly snared on by the testing versatile applications and there lies an extraordinary as far as making messages that achieve buyers and are pertinent to th em and not interrupting. 3 Personalization and customization and increasing interest in the wearable technology are another two most different trends, which contribute, in the marketing strategy. While versatile purchasing of items is not a huge pattern yet, there is a solid pattern of scrutinizing items for portable and afterward set disconnected from the et to purchase them.This is at the end of the day a gigantic open door. This is the place customized and modified offers can assume an incredible part. Advertisers can utilize customized offers to change over these searchers into real purchasers. For instance, if a purchaser is perusing and investigating travel ends of the line in Europe, he or she will perceive ads blazing with less expensive flight tickets AND Inns in those goals. 3 All things considered, simply a couple of years back wearable engineering may have quite recently seemed like an extravagant thing from a science fiction motion picture, et not any longer.With items like Google Glass and save. â€Å"y' watches, wearable innovation is changing a considerable measure as far as the way purchasers carry on. While the wearable engineering may not be a pattern yet, however it unquestionably is getting up to speed. When it turns into a piece of day-by-day lives of buyers, there will be entire better approach to charm them. 3 Another trend on which the focus can go would be emails. This trend isn't much popular but it still contributes. Messages may have begun decade's prior as PC- centered correspondence, however they aren't that any longer.

Grass essays

Grass essays Grass is one of the most important things in life. Without grass there would rarely be a world fit to live in for many insects and worms. Grass is a crucial part of the lives of many insects. Without good, healthy grass, many insects die or try to move to more healthy grass. Europeans advances to conquer and take over the Native Americans, Africans, and the land that they lived on. These different worlds came together finally after living all of those years in peace, not aware of each other. As a result of the communication barrier, they fought because everyone felt threatened. When the Europeans first came to America and ran into the Native Americans the Natives felt threatened. They could not communicate with the Europeans and had never seen anyone whom did not look like themselves. Therefore they attempted to defend themselves and fight the Europeans off. However, the Europeans were way to advanced with their weaponry that they just ended up killing off most of the Native Americans. They also ended up taking the land, which originally belonged to the Natives, for themselves. When these two worlds collided, they fought and one unique group of people was virtually wiped off of the face of the world. When the Europeans first went to Africa they were greeted by a completely different people who again looked different and were not understandable. Frustration on both sides existed again. However, this time the Europeans felt that they could use these people and make money having the Africans work for them. This is exactly just what they did. They were able to make so much money off of the work of Africans who were made slaves by the Europeans. The title When Worlds Collide would be a good title for a chapter talking about the encounter of the Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans. Using the word worlds makes a clear point as to how different each group of people were. It wa...

S - Glossary of the First World War

S - Glossary of the First World War SAA: Small Arms Ammunition. Sablatnig SF-Types: Series of German reconnaissance floatplanes.Sac terre : Sandbag.St. Étienne Gun: French machine gun used when production of the standard Hotchkiss gun couldn’t meet demand. Originally used a thirty round magazine; withdrawn in 1916.Salient: Any ‘bulge’ or projection out from a battle line.Sallies / Salvoes: Salvation Army Officers; ran relief operations behind the lines.Salmson 2: French armed reconnaissance biplane used in 1918.SAML: Italian reconnaissance biplane.S ammunition: Spitz-Munition, the normal German bullet.Sammy: French slang for Americans.Sandbag: Bags filled with earth or sand and used in the construction of defences.San fairy ann: British expression of fatalism.Sangar: Wall to defend against small arms fire.Sap / Sapping: In trench warfare, the practice of digging small ‘sap’ trenches at roughly ninety degrees out from existing lines and then digging a new trench line at the front of the saps. A slow, but relat ively safe, way of moving forward.Sapper: Royal Engineer. Sarg: Slang for the Hansa-Brandenburg D1 airplane.Sausage: Captive barrage balloons.Sausage Hill: ‘To go to Sausage Hill’ was to be captured by Germans.SB: Stretcher Bearer.Scharnhorst: Class of German armoured cruiser.‘Schlanke Emma’: Skinny Emma, a 305mm howitzer built by Austria-Hungary and famously (and very effectively) used by Germany in 1914.Schusta: Schutzstaffeln (below).Schutzstaffeln: German unit protecting reconnaissance aircraft.Schà ¼tzen: German Rifle Corps.Schà ¼tzengrabenvernichtungaautomobil: Tank.Schà ¼tte-Lanz: A type of German airship.Schwarze Marie: German slang for a heavy naval gun.Schwarzlose: The standard machine gun of the Austro-Hungarian army; fired 8mm bullets.Scran: 1. Food, 2. Rubbish.SD: Sanitts-Departement, Medical Department of the German War Ministry.SE-5: British fighter biplane used after 1917.Sea Scouts: British observation airships.Seaplane Carriers: Ships which carried seaplanes; these could sometimes take off from the deck of the carrier, but couldn’t land; instead they used floats to land in the sea and where winched back on. Selective Service Act: Law requiring all US males between 21-30, later 18-45, to register for possible conscription.Sepoy: Indian private of infantry.Shashqa: Cossack Sabre.Shell dressing: A dressing larger than the field dressing.Shell Shock: Psychological damage/trauma caused by exposure to warfare.Shinel: Russian Greatcoat.Short 184: British floatplane torpedo bomber.Short 320: British floatplane torpedo bomber.Short 827: British reconnaissance floatplane.Shrapnel: Officially balls carried by certain artillery shells to cause maximum damage to infantry, but often used to describe all shards/damage causing pieces from artillery shells.SIA: Societ Italiana Aviazione, Italian manufacturer of aircraft.SIA-9B: Italian reconnaissance biplane of 1918.Siemens-Schuckert D-I: German fighter plane, a copy of the Nieuport 17.Siemens-Schuckert D-IV: German fighter plane of 1918.Siemens-Schuckert R-Type: Large German bombing plane.Sigarneo: Okay.Signalese: The phonetic alphabet.Sikorski IM: Rus sia heavy bomber. Silent Percy: Slang for a gun firing at such range it couldn’t be heard.Silent Susan: High velocity shells.Silladar: System where Indian cavalryman owned their own horse.Sister Susie: Women doing army work.SIW: Self Inflicted Wound.Skilly: Very watery stew.Skite: ANZAC slang for a boaster.Slack / Spoil: Debris caused by an explosion.SM: Company Sergeant Major.Smasher: Felt slouch hat.SmK: German armour piercing ammo.SMLE: Short Magazine Lee-Enfield.Snob: A soldier who repaired boots.Soldier’s Friend: Type of boot polish.Sopwoth Baby: British floatplane.Sopwith Camel: British fighter biplane used from July 1917 to the war’s end.Sopwith 5F-1 Dolphin: British fighter/ground attack biplane.Sopwith ‘Pup’ / Scout: Officially called the Sopwith Scout or Type 9901, the Pup was a single seat fighter.Sopwith TF-2 Salamander: British ground attack biplane.Sopwith Schneider: British floatplane.Sopwith 7F-1 Snipe: British fighter biplane.Sopwith 1 1/2 Strutter: B ritish fighter biplane used by many of the Allies. Sopwith Tabloid: British scout and light bombing plane.Sopwith Triplane: British fighter plane with three wings.SOS: 1. The firing of colour coded rocket from the front line to call down supporting fire. 2. Service of Supply.Sotnia: Russian cavalry squad.Sotnik: Cossack lieutenant.Souvenir: To steal.South Carolina: American class of battleships.Sowar: Indian cavalry soldier.SP: Section de parc, French mechanical transport.SPAD: French manufacturer of aircraft originally called Socià ©tà © Provisoire des Aà «roplanes Deperdussin, but replaced in 1914 by Socià ©tà © pour l’Aviation et ses Dà ©rivà ©s.Spad A-2: French armed reconnaissance biplane, used mainly on the Eastern front.Spad S-VII: French fighter biplane.Spad S-XIII: French fighter biplane used by most allies after summer 1917.Spad S-XVII: French fighter released in 1918.‘Spandau’ Gun: Allied name for the German 7.92mm Maschinengewehr, derived from a confusion of official names (the Allies thought th e gun was called a Spandau, not produced by them). ‘Spider’s Web’: A system of floatplane patrols targeting submarines in the North Sea after May 1917.Splash: Either bullet fragments which pass through a tanks observation slits or splinters of metal knocked off the outside of a tank by bullet impacts.Springfield: Standard rifle of the US army.Spud: 1. Potatoes 2. Anyone called Murphy 3. Iron devices attached to tank tracks to improve grip. Squaddy: Soldier. SR: Scottish Rifles, the Cameronians. SRD: ‘Service Rum, Dilute’, label on rum jars. SS: Section sanitaire, French field ambulance. Stabsoffizier: German field officer. Stand down: The end of a stand-to (see below). Standschà ¼tzen: The reserve mountain troops of Tirolea. Stand To: Manning trenches to repel at attack, always done at least as dawn and dusk. Starshina: Lieutenant-Colonel of the Cossacks. Starski unteroffizier: Russian sergeant. Stavka: The central command of the Russian army. Stellenbosch: Being relieved of command and sent home. Stick-bomb: Hand grenade with a handle. Stinker: Winter goatskin jerkin. Stinks: Soldiers handling gas. Stomag: Stabsoffizier der Maschinengewehre, German staff officer of machine gun units. Stosstruppen: Storm troops. Stoverm: Stabsoffizier der Vermessungswesens, German staff officer of surveying. Strafe: 1. A bombardment/clump of fire. 2. To be told off. Straight: Truth. Stranbaus Horn: Gas alarm. Stunt: 1. An attack. 2. Something clever. Sturmpanzerkraftwagen: Tank. Sturmtruppen: Storm troops. Subedar: Indian lieutenant of infantry. Submarine: British nickname for the bloater fish. Suicide club: A bombing party. SVA: Savoia-Verduzio-Ansaldo, Italian manufacturer of aircraft. Swaddy: Private soldier. Swagger-stick: Cane carried by off duty soldiers. Systà ¨me D: French slang for confusion. : French slang for confusion.

Ideas for Science Fair Projects Using Animals

Ideas for Science Fair Projects Using Animals Animals are great subjects for science fair projects, particularly if you have a pet or an interest in zoology. Do you want to do a science fair project with your pet or another type of animal? Here is a collection of ideas that you can use for your project. Are insects attracted to/repelled by a magnet? Does the presence of a magnetic field affect egg hatching rates of insect or other animal eggs?Do pet fish have a color preference for their food? (This assumes you can separate out the colors of a food.) Do pet birds have a color preference for their toys?What type of soil do earthworms prefer?What natural substances repel insect pests? Examples of insects to test include mosquitoes, ants or flies.On a related note, what substances might be used to attract and trap flies, beetles or other pests?Do animals display handedness (right-handed, left-handed) like humans? You can test this with a cat and a toy, for example.Are cockroaches (or other insects or creatures) attracted to or repelled by light? You probably already suspect cockroaches prefer dark. What other stimuli could you test? Does it matter if it is white light or would you get the same response from specific colors of light? You could test other types of stimuli, such as music, noise, vibration, heat, cold. You get the idea. An advanced version of the cockroach project is to select insects that dont run from light (for example). If you allow these insects to mate and keep selecting progeny that doesnt evade light, can you obtain a culture of cockroaches that dont mind light?Test household insect repellents.Can dogs or cats or birds hear ultrasonic insect and rodent repellent devices?What methods serve to disrupt the chemical trail that ants follow?How many nematodes (roundworms) are there in a soil sample from your backyard? What are the pros and cons of having these organisms in the soil?Do hummingbirds have a color preference for their food?What type of light attracts the most moths?Does catnip repel insects? If so, which types? Know the Rules Before you start any science fair project involving animals, make sure it is okay with your school or whoever is in charge of the science fair. Projects with animals may be prohibited or they may require special approval or permission. Its better to make sure your project is acceptable before you get to work! A Note on Ethics Science fairs that allow projects with animals will expect you to treat the animals in an ethical manner. The safest type of project is one which involves observing natural behavior of animals or, in the case of pets, interacting with animals in a usual manner. Dont do science fair project that involves harming or killing an animal or puts an animal at risk for injury. As an example, it may be fine to examine data on how much of an earthworm can be cut before the worm becomes unable to regenerate and dies. Actually performing such an experiment probably wont be allowed for most science fairs. In any case, there are lots of projects you can do that dont involve ethical concerns. Take Pictures You may be unable to bring your animal science fair project to the school or otherwise put it on display, yet youll want visual aids for your presentation. Take lots of pictures of your project. For some projects, you may be able to bring in preserved specimens or examples of fur or feathers, etc.

Population growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Population growth - Essay Example (high birth rate) (Keyfitz 1-75). THESIS STATEMENT This paper intends to provide a brief idea about the concept of population growth, along with the merits and demerits of this particular aspect in the Canadian context. POPULATION GROWTH IN CANADA This part of the paper will specifically highlight the rate of population growth that has been observed. With the aid of proper analysis it has been noticed that in the year 2011; 33,476,688 people were listed in the census. This particular figure indicated almost twice the figure as compared to the year 1961 and around 10 times higher as compared to the 1861 Census. Between 2006 and 2011, Canada's population has been estimated to take a leap by 5.9%, which was slightly up as compared to the previous period of 2001 to 2006, when it took a leap by 5.4%. Canada's population growth, which was recorded between the years 2006 and 2011 depicted to be highest among all the G8 countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, United Kingdom , United States and The European Union) which are considered to have the largest economies in the world, as compared to the population growth rate in the previous period i.e. (2001 to 2006). ... However, the rate of Ontario's population growth has been seen to slightly decline during the past five years period to 5.7%, it was recorded as the lowest ever decrease in the level since the period between 1981to1986. Between the years 2006 to 2011, highest rate of population growth in Alberta were located. The growth in population was not only observed by Canada but most provinces met with a leap in the population rate between the years 2006-2011. In the entire metropolitan part along with non-metropolitan areas of Canada, large amount of population growth has been observed. The overall population growth was registered as an increase of 7.4 % in the year 2006 (Canada.gc.ca, â€Å"The Canadian Population in 2011: Population Counts and Growth†). Thus, from the above results, it has been learned that the population growth in Canada has been quite high and similarly other G8 countries also had variable amount of growth rate in terms of Population but Canada seemed to have the h ighest amount as compared to other nations. TRENDS OF POPULATION GROWTH IN THE WORLD The concept of population growth can be argued to pose certain problems in the world economy. With every increase in the birth rate when compared with the decreased death rate, the economy of a particular nation may have to face numerous issues pertaining to economic growth. Mostly less developed countries are likely to be effected with high rate in population growth (Haub, â€Å"Fact Sheet: World Population Trends 2012†). A diagram representing the trends of population growth which shows the possibilities of increase in population by the year 2050 has been cited below: Source: (Haub, â€Å"Fact Sheet: World Population Trends 2012†). Less developed

Science Meets Real Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Science Meets Real Life - Essay Example By using the precepts of the scientific methods, it follows that critical thinking in essence is employed. This is not limited to the study of science but to all other disciplines which delves on sought-after solutions to problems. Through the testing and answering of personal questions which leads to plausible answers scientific thinking is used. This is in essence thinking correctly and coming up with reliable answers in most aspects in life. The process of scientific thinking and critical thinking is one and the same in practice and theory. It may only be within the grounds of who uses what wherein the difference lies but both are used by human beings regularly (Schafersman, 1997). Upon arriving at home and finding out that the light would not turn on begins the process of scientific inquiry. Faced with the recognition of a change within the surroundings of the house, the initial progression within the method was conceived, the acknowledgement of a problem. Simple logic suggests that one should exhaust efforts to locate and solve the problem. The mature thing to do is to remedy the dilemma sensibly and not be infantile about the situation. When a problem arises, it only becomes aggravated when not dealt with the utmost perception of common reason. In this case the problem encompasses a number of things. The fact that the lights would not turn on is the main problem. Second, it is already well within the night and I would be hesitant about calling a handyman for reasons that include, one, I would assume it is already past their working schedule and two, I have some confidence I may be able to solve the problem myself. Another problem that comes with it is that the problem is located in part of the house which is dark and would therefore be a further complication on the matter at hand. On this stage the most conceivable thing to do is to go back in memory and think of the most relevant details

Issues in behavioural nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Issues in behavioural nursing - Essay Example Some of the methods used by sociologist include experimental research, survey research, and qualitative and quantitative analysis. Sociologist conduct a survey research in order to explain the following social aspects values, motivation, habits, and personal attributes. The process used in the survey includes interviewing individuals from in a given a region. The interview develops a questionnaire, which helps in gathering information. One advantage of this method is that it provides first hand information. Conversely, the interviewer may only receive information from willing correspondent. This study attempts to give explanation why certain things do happen. In this method, the experiment investigates independent variable against a dependable variable. The behavior of the variables is critical in making conclusion about the investigation. The conclusion made from this research is usually testable. In philosophical justification, sociologists isolate the variables under investigation and observe their behavior in the new environment. Since the researcher is able to manipulate the independence the variables under investigation, the researcher can use explanation to justify the outcomes. In this method, the investigator became part of the community under investigation. He or she observes the behavior of the community or the subject of investigation within the given environment. Since the anthropologists participate at the community level, the result of the research reflects on the social aspects of the aforementioned community (Kotttak, 1994 & Howard, and Janet, 1992). In genealogical method, the anthropologist investigates or gathers information about descent and kinship and marriage. The society usually stem out from the aforementioned as the social building block. The genealogical method is crucial in investigating social aspects of kin based community. In this method, anthropologist uses the

Manets On the Beach and Vincent van Goghs The Sower Essay

Manets On the Beach and Vincent van Goghs The Sower - Essay Example Ordinary subjects are used. The painter uses small stokes, sometimes even using pointillism, to create the impression of their subject. The use of color is more vivid in these scenes. Movement is also a characteristic of Impressionism. Both Manet’s On the Beach and van Gogh’s The Sower use impressionism as a style. Manet’s On the Beach and van Gogh’s The Sower use everyday subjects. Manet’s subject was his wife and brother at the beach. Van Gogh’s The Sower depicts a field worker leaving the fields at sunset after a long day reaping wheat. Although Manet used his brother and wife, the beach scene could have been any two people. The ordinary subject did not matter as much as catching the moment in time on canvas. While Manet captured family members, van Gogh painted a random worker. The other difference is Manet captured people at leisure, while van Gogh painted a worker. The two scenes are polar opposite. One shows people that are well off en ough to go to the beach and relax, while the latter shows a worker. Both are ordinarily different. The technique and style used in both paintings make them Impressionism. Manet has smoother small strokes, but they are still small. Van Gogh’s picture has more visible small strokes. The contrast is Manet’s painting looks smoother than van Gogh’s rough picture. Although both are oil paintings, the blending method makes the visual impact different. This type of painting technique gives the impression, but no real detail in features.

Data Mining - Questions to answer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Data Mining - Questions to answer - Essay Example Back-Propagated Delta Rule Networks (BP) is an example for multiple perceptron which contains additional hidden layers. It can function effectively compared to the single layer. In the prediction process of neural networks to make accurate prediction the training cases are increased which eventually leads to overfitting (George N. Karystinos, 2000). This occurs when the number of input variables is large compared to the training cases or when the input layers are highly correlated with each other. In methods like kernel regression and smoothing splines, the under fitting and overfitting of neural networks is usually encountered. The overfitting occurs in more complex networks. This leads to unprecedented predictions or wild predictions. Data cleansing is the process of removing inaccurate and inappropriate data records, which is an integral process of data processing and maintenance. In large data sets, the process of finding error and correcting the same needs interaction with the domain experts which is an expensive and time consuming process. Since it involves a comprehensive assignment of identifying and rectifying errors and hence the task is complex. Initially these operations are carried out manually and later computational means of data cleansing evolved and even this process are time consuming and error prone (Heiko Mller et al ). 3. What is the significance of Bayes Theorem in Data Mining Give an example of how statistical inference can be used for Data Mining. Most of the presently available statistical models in data mining are prone to overfitting and also unstable (sensitive to minor changes in the data). These difficulties can be overcome in the Bayesian methods of statistical mining. The reliability of these algorithms has been reviewed (J. Kolter and M. Maloof, 2003). The Bayesian algorithm facilitates integration of clustering and produces scalable powerful algorithm apt for data mining. Capturing correlation of large number of variables is possible using the Bayesian method. Example: In the search process of similar sequences (gene or protein sequences) in a sequence database, the data mining algorithm works by searching for similar matches which is based on the statistical preferences (e- value). Lower the expected value higher the relationship between the query and the retrieved results. Since the data involved is a mere combination of string only statistical measures ensures comparative account of the data sets. 4. Explain the concept of a Maximum Likelihood Estimator with an example. This is practically applied in prediction of phylogenetic relationships of protein sequences by tree algorithms. The maximum likelihood estimator forms the basis for the evolutionary prediction algorithms. The likelihood function predicts the relative function of all the given datasets (protein sequences). The algorithm eventually finds the most likely relative to the other sequences in the datasets by maximum likelihood estimator and hence it is easy to predict the ancestral route as well as how

IT Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IT Security - Essay Example For any information system to be operational, government mandated compliances need to be undertaken by the chief information officer (CIO) and government officers. For a system to pass these security compliances it must meet the criteria set for; the system boundaries for the hardware, software, users and interactions with the environment must be clearly defined so as to assess any threats. Therefore, a CIO must provide a plan of action for the system and also state any contingency measures needed in the case of a security threat. Moreover, the chief information officer then gets certification and accreditation from the government once this is achieved (Enloe, 2002). Information systems are required to be secure in order to facilitate business success and their resilience in the changing information society. This means that a CIO ought to ensure that the system is secure enough to deliver vital information and services at the right time with no compromise. This is because secure syst ems increase public confidence and trust in the organization and in their products or services. Information security also ensures that performance of all the stakeholders in the organizations from management to junior staff is effective (Bowen, Chew and Hash, 2007). In addition, security also reduces the chances of risk to the organization and protects the integrity of the information or data stored in the organization. In the design of an information system, the CIO needs to be aware of information security elements, which must be in line with government mandated compliance. Moreover, considering that security planning of a system it is very important for a CIO to know who accesses the system at any time, and thus, the role of an information system officer in the system needs to be understood and clearly defined (Enloe, 2002). The authorizing officers in the organization and other users including the management need to be issued with access codes for authorization. Through this he will track and know who accessed the system at what time and which information was accessed or modified with use of these codes. The CIO should provide the management with the capital estimates required in running and maintaining the whole system and the time required to change or upgrade the system. In addition, he must conduct awareness and training campaigns on the whole organizations. This is to educate the users of a system on the different types of security threats present and how to evade them. Thus, a CIO is required to conduct risk assessment for the organization management, and explain to the personnel and management how the system will meet the organization’s mission and goals (Enloe, 2002). To this effect, the CIO must design a system that provides as stated in NIST: â€Å"Information security protection from unauthorized access, use or disclosure, disruption and modification of information.† The system must also comply with the standards set up for policie s, procedures and guidelines by national law and legislations. The CIO is also responsible for developing and maintaining agency wide information security programs, policies and control techniques for the organizations systems. Moreover, he is required to develop disaster recovery management program, to

Data Mining - Questions to answer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Data Mining - Questions to answer - Essay Example Back-Propagated Delta Rule Networks (BP) is an example for multiple perceptron which contains additional hidden layers. It can function effectively compared to the single layer. In the prediction process of neural networks to make accurate prediction the training cases are increased which eventually leads to overfitting (George N. Karystinos, 2000). This occurs when the number of input variables is large compared to the training cases or when the input layers are highly correlated with each other. In methods like kernel regression and smoothing splines, the under fitting and overfitting of neural networks is usually encountered. The overfitting occurs in more complex networks. This leads to unprecedented predictions or wild predictions. Data cleansing is the process of removing inaccurate and inappropriate data records, which is an integral process of data processing and maintenance. In large data sets, the process of finding error and correcting the same needs interaction with the domain experts which is an expensive and time consuming process. Since it involves a comprehensive assignment of identifying and rectifying errors and hence the task is complex. Initially these operations are carried out manually and later computational means of data cleansing evolved and even this process are time consuming and error prone (Heiko Mller et al ). 3. What is the significance of Bayes Theorem in Data Mining Give an example of how statistical inference can be used for Data Mining. Most of the presently available statistical models in data mining are prone to overfitting and also unstable (sensitive to minor changes in the data). These difficulties can be overcome in the Bayesian methods of statistical mining. The reliability of these algorithms has been reviewed (J. Kolter and M. Maloof, 2003). The Bayesian algorithm facilitates integration of clustering and produces scalable powerful algorithm apt for data mining. Capturing correlation of large number of variables is possible using the Bayesian method. Example: In the search process of similar sequences (gene or protein sequences) in a sequence database, the data mining algorithm works by searching for similar matches which is based on the statistical preferences (e- value). Lower the expected value higher the relationship between the query and the retrieved results. Since the data involved is a mere combination of string only statistical measures ensures comparative account of the data sets. 4. Explain the concept of a Maximum Likelihood Estimator with an example. This is practically applied in prediction of phylogenetic relationships of protein sequences by tree algorithms. The maximum likelihood estimator forms the basis for the evolutionary prediction algorithms. The likelihood function predicts the relative function of all the given datasets (protein sequences). The algorithm eventually finds the most likely relative to the other sequences in the datasets by maximum likelihood estimator and hence it is easy to predict the ancestral route as well as how

Marketing Plan Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Marketing Plan Assignment - Essay Example Put differently, Jim’s Cleaning ensures peace of mind for its customers and that it why it stands out vis-a-vis other players in the industry. Jim’s Cleaning has its own professional cleaning equipment. It is known to be a reliable company that starts and completes the job on time. Its franchisees are fully insured. The company guarantees quality services at a fair price. About the Product According to the American Marketing Association, a product is a bundle of attributes; features, functions, and benefits that an organization offers to sell to the target customers in exchange of money. A product may be an idea, a good (physical tangible product), or a service, or any combination of the three. As of now Jim’s Cleaning offers only ‘services’ to its customers. The company offers its cleaning services to domestic as well as business customers. Its cleaning services are divided into the following divisions; Jim's Carpet Cleaning, Jim's Window Cleaning, Jim's Car Cleaning, Jim's Blind Cleaning and Jim's Pressure Cleaning. Jim’s Carpet Cleaning The company does a methodical cleaning of carpets and thereby ensures that the customer not only gets the best feel and appearance of the carpet but also protects the investment made on the carpet. The company uses the most advanced products and equipment and cleans as per the Australian National Standards. The carpet division also cleans upholstery, drapes and mattresses. Customers are offered two options; Steam Cleaning and Dry Cleaning. The former method, also known as hot water extraction uses hot water for cleaning carpets. The dry cleaning method is recommended for carpets that require regular preservation cleaning or when carpets have to be dried quickly. Jim’s Window Cleaning Jim’s Cleaning enhances the appearances of homes by cleaning windows to perfection. This cleaning exercise also cuts energy costs in winters by allowing more light inside the home. The compan y guarantees streak free, shining windows after work. Jim’s Cleaning has the expertise to clean all internal and external windows. Given its state of the art equipment, Jim’s Cleaning personnel can reach double storey and high rise buildings. Jim’s Pressure Cleaning Jim’s Pressure Cleaning offers tailored programs to suit the requirements of commercial clients. This division specifically targets real estate agents, builders and local businesses, in addition to residential customers. Services include mould and dirt removal, cleaning of driveways, fascia, paving, pathways, outdoor timber, and tiled areas. Jim’s Car Cleaning Jim’s Car Cleaning division simply loves its job and guarantees quality job, reliable service and money back guarantee. The car is cleaned at a location convenient to the client. The customer need not take the car anywhere as the personnel from Jim’s visit the customer and do the job. Depending on the quantum of work a customer requires, Jim’s car Cleaning offers Premium Wash, Mini Detail and Deluxe Detail. As part of its specialty services Jim’s Car Cleaning offers full cut, polish and wax coat for the car. The customer can also opt for shampooing the car. Jim’s Blind Cleaning Jim’s Blind Cleaning not only cleans but also repairs blinds. As an additional service, the company replaces the defective parts of the blinds as well. The division offers proficient service to take care of these precious window coverings, be it of any type or make; horizontal or vertical. The company promises to clean a large variety

The reasons for changing patterns of marriage Essay Example for Free

The reasons for changing patterns of marriage Essay Examine the reasons for changing patterns of marriage and divorce over the last 50 years or so. Marriage is the legal relationship between two people in eyes of law. Over the last 50 years or so, the patterns of marriage and divorce have changed significantly and are still changing in today’s society. This is due to many factors such as less stigma, changes in women’s positions, secularization ,cohabitation and many more. Nowadays, there is less pressure to marry and a lot more freedom for individuals to choose the type of relationship they want. It’s considered more important about the quality of a couples relationship, rather than the legal status. The main and most important reason for the decrease in marriage and increase in divorce was the change in attitudes towards them. People now believe that it is alright to get a divorce if they are not happy in their marriage and with that, the stigma towards divorces has decreased. People divorce now on a day to day basis. We see in magazine articles about celebrities getting divorce and no one is against it anymore, unlike before when older members of the family would encourage the younger couples stay together through thick and thin. Thats the same for marriage, as more and more people want to cohabit with their partner rather than get married as women now have more opportunities to work, higher expectations and set own rules about their life’s that before wasn’t possible. Secularisation is also involved in why there are changing patterns of marriage and divorced. Churches are in favour of marriage, and do not encourage divorce but as their influence declines, people feel freer to choose not to marry. People do not let the influence of the church or god take over their decisions. Society today has became secular, no place for god. Divorce has increased dramatically over the past 50 years. Now 1 in 2 marriages are likely to end in divorce. High divorce rates mean people are able to re-marry however, some churches do not accept remarriages. People are also now marrying later in life, as people stay longer in education and are likely to cohabit first. This is partly due to the legislation that was took into place in 1969 called The Divorce Reform Act. This Act made it easier for couples to get divorced and made it a lot cheaper for those who could not afford it in the past. The Government have also introduced the welfare provision which made it easier for w/c women to get divorced as this  law helped women financially with divorce and being a single parent. In addition, Alan and Crow agree with the idea that there have been changes in the position of women. Women are now better educated, which makes them less dependent on men financially, which therefore enables women have greater freedom not to marry, or to end a marriage. In support, feminists see divorce as desirable as it shows that women are breaking free from the oppression of the patriarchal nuclear family. However Functionalist writer Parsons states that he believes people getting divorced is everything that is wrong with society. He believes that marriage essential as there is a clear division of labour, That both the man and women should play their role in the family and not break it apart as it is essential for the smooth running of society. However Wilmot and Young argue that the roles have changed and men are now taking on greater share of domestic tasks and women are now working in the labour market. Although feminist Oakley totally disagrees with Wilmot and Young. Oakley dismissed the idea of the symmetrical family. She critics Wilmot and Young as they only asked one question in their research do you help with housework?. She believed this question was irrelevant to their research as it does not state how much the men actually do and the domestic division of labour had led to the increase in divorce as women do not want to carry out a dual burden role. In conclusion these reasons have all dramatically affected the increase in divorce and the decrease in marriage. However it must be acknowledged women are not rejecting marriage and that there has been an increase in remarriages so this means that women are now raising their expectations and not rejecting marriage.

The Rise Of The Nuclear Weapon Into A Political Weapon Essay -- essays

During last 50 years of development, the nuclear bomb, as the ultimate weapon became the peacekeeping force on the earth. The nuclear bomb was developed in Manhattan project during the WW II and was successfully tested in the New Mexico on July 16 1945. At this point started the change of nuclear weapon from ultimate weapon to political weapon. USA decided to use the atomic bomb to defeat Japan in order to save around 500.000 lives of American soldiers that were needed to end the war and in the summer 1945 the USA dropped two bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The nuclear weapon raised the confidence of USA but president Truman did not ordered its mass production because at that time he saw no explicit political function for the bomb. USA even tried to internationalize control of the bomb under the UNITED NATIONS but the Soviets were reluctant to support American plan for two reasons. To stop soviet nuclear program before developing the first soviet bomb would give Americans permanent lead in nuclear weapons technology. Soviets believed that instruments of force always have political capabilities. For the Kremlin weapons were political tools. This led Americans to the same conclusion. The beginning of Cold War created several political functions of nuclear weapons: nuclear deterrence, alliance building, and international prestige. The Nuclear Bomb was developed as the weapon of war at the end of the Second World War. Nuclear Deterrence was than the natural function of nuclear bomb. The atomic bomb had a function of â€Å"natural deterrence† at the early beginning of Cold War when Soviets did not have nuclear weapons. The Soviets would not attack West Europe because they would risk war with USA and USA had atomic bomb that was seen by Soviets as the essence of deterrence. USA also believed that if Soviets finish their own bomb they would not be deterred by USA and its nuclear arsenal therefore the West Europe would become vulnerable. After the Soviets detonated its own bomb in September 1949, the Truman administration abandoned its policy of natural deterrence and ordered the development of more powerful hydrogen thermonuclear bomb. Since Soviet nuclear bombs deterred US deterrence, Truman sought a way to restore deterrence. He ordered a study by the Department of State’s policy planning staff and the result, NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL PAPER 68 (NSC-68), went to Tru... ...r weapons that would give him the leadership in Arab world and he could organize and lead an alliance against Israel. The increasing proliferation of nuclear technology in areas of simmering regional conflicts increases the probability of nuclear war. During the 50 years of existence, the real function of nuclear power was changed from direct use as a weapon of war through deterrence tool to the ticket to nuclear club that means the sing of superpower. References Atomic Archive. (1997,April 6). Timeline [WWW document]. < http://www.atomicarchive.com/Timeline/Timeline.shtml> Atomic Archive. (1997,April 6). Arms Control Treaties [WWW document]. http://www.atomicarchive.com/ACTreaty.shtml Foreign policy in focus. (1999,November). In Focus: U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy at the End of the Century: Lost Opportunities and New Dangers. [WWW document]. http://www.foreignpolicy-infocus.org/briefs/vol4/v4n25nuc.html Nuclear History at the National Security Archive [WWW document]. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/NC/nuchis.html The Bulletin of Atomic Scientist. (1999,December). Where they were. [WWW document]. http://www.bullatomsci.org/issues/1999/nd99/nd99norris.html

James Boswell :: essays research papers

In 1757 it does not appear that he published any thing, except some of those articles in the Literary Magazine, which have been mentioned. That magazine, after Johnson ceased to write in it, gradually declined, though the popular epithet of Antigallican was added to it; and in July 1758 it expired. He probably prepared a part of his Shakspeare this year, and he dictated a speech on the subject of an address to the Throne, after the expedition to Rochfort, which was delivered by one of his friends, I know not in what publick meeting. It is printed in the Gentleman's Magazine for October 1785 as his, and bears sufficient marks of authenticity. By the favour of Mr. Joseph Cooper Walker, of the Treasury, Dublin, I have obtained a copy of the following letter from Johnson to the venerable authour of "Dissertations on the History of Ireland." "TO CHARLES O'CONNOR, ESQ.1 "SIR, "I HAVE lately, by the favour of Mr. Faulkner, seen your account of Ireland, and cannot forbear to solicit a prosecution of your design. Sir William Temple complains that Ireland is less known than any other country, as to its ancient state. The natives have had little leisure, and little encouragement for enquiry; and strangers, not knowing the language, have had no ability. "I have long wished that the Irish literature were cultivated.2 Ireland is known by tradition to have been once the seat of piety and learning; and surely it would be very acceptable to all those who are curious either in the original of nations, or the affinities of languages, to be further informed of the revolution of a people so ancient, and once so illustrious. "What relation there is between the Welsh and Irish language, or between the language of Ireland and that of Biscay, deserves enquiry. Of these provincial and unextended tongues, it seldom happens that more than one are understood by any one man; and, therefore, it seldom happens that a fair comparison can be made. I hope you will continue to cultivate this kind of learning, which has too long lain neglected, and which, if it be suffered to remain in oblivion for another century, may, perhaps, never be retrieved. As I wish well to all useful undertakings, I would not forbear to let you know how much you deserve in my opinion, from all lovers of study, and how much pleasure your work has given to, Sir,

Company Transaction Processing System

Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS INTRODUCTION As today’s inventions became more advance, the influence of such inventions to the people brought two classes. These are the good and bad influence. The bad influence is that young generation now became addicted in online games and was became lazy in doing home works and the like. While the good influence is that offices in many departments that use computerized system their works become easier and faster since it eliminates the paper works and the workload of the employees too.Now, a most efficient, flexible and reliable system has become a must for any institution and organization. In order to achieve the improvement of the system that the department uses, the need to understand the system within the office is very important. From this period; we are living in the era where technology is more important in the progression of human life. The convenience of technology that everyone can achieve is very useful in everyday life. And even today, the very fast evolution of technology is continuing day by day.The effectiveness of technology plays an important role in many industries world wide. In business, schools or even individual can enjoy the convenience came from technology. All the things that seems to be impossible in the past now it is very easy to achieve because of the presence of technology Try to imagine a college department with a most number of employees but still use a manual transaction system? One of the problems of many schools nowadays is the manual process of transaction system.With the use of the technology, each step by step process of a manual transaction system will reduce and also lessen the time to be consumed. That’s why the proponents proposed an automated transaction system to improve the transactions that may acquire by the use of technology. The automated transaction system makes the assessment and payment faster; it also covers accurate input of employee information incl uding the evaluation of grades, subjects and scheduling. The system also covers the generating of employee identification together with the employee number in the form of barcode font style.This ID can be used in transaction by scanning his/her ID number to be automatically assessed. This barcode technology is very faster and suitable for this transaction. Short Message Service (SMS) is also a very good product of the innovation of technology. Nowadays it is very useful to the public because of its ability in long distance communication. Less effort than from past when we are using letter just to communicate with some relative miles and miles away from us. The proponents decided to use sms technology to have a better enhancement for the proposed system.The functionality of this technology is to provide a notification for the employees according to the updates of the school and also checking the grades of the employee. It would be possible with the use of the Short Message Service Te chnology that would be sending to the employees registered on the system. The proponents of this study are eager to improve the manual system of transaction and make the process faster and accurate. The proposed system is intended for Colegio De Sebastian to upgrade their existing transaction process. The proposed system aims to improve the process of maintaining and storing data to maintain its security.The system will also help the administrator speed up the processing of accurate information to minimized time wasted in the present system by proposing a â€Å"Company Transactions Processing System† This chapter covers the background of the study, statement of the problem, conceptual framework, objectives of the study and scope and delimitation. 1. 1 Background of the Study In January 20, 2011, Colegio de Sebastian was founded by a couple who are known philanthropists and educators. Its primary purpose is to offer accessible quality education in the tertiary level, the coupl e’s dream for the young people of Pampanga.It was organized as a non-sectarian, non-stock, non-profit corporation oriented towards service to the community. The initial programs in the school of Business and Accountancy are Bachelor of Science in Accountancy, Bachelor of Science in Business Administration with majors in Financial Management and Human Resource Development Management. The initial program in the School of Arts and Sciences is Bachelor of Science in Psychology and in the school of Hospitality Management, Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management. The proponents proposed a system entitled â€Å"Company Transactions Processing System†.This system makes the transaction to be faster and more accurate than the manual process. It also lessens the manpower during the operation of the transaction. This study is intended to help our locale in their transaction system by providing an automated transaction that satisfies the needs of the locale. 1. 2 Sta tement of the Problem The proponents conducted an investigation to have a better solution in the problems being encountered during transaction. With the help of the information gathered through actual experience and observation, the proponents have known of various problems and lead to this study.This study is conducted to develop a better solution and provide a system that can help the locale from the problem that may encounter during transaction. 1. 3. 1 General Problem Colegio De Sebastian is using Manual transaction system that lead to inaccurate information, not reliable, less security and slow process of transaction 1. 3. 2 Specific Problems Specifically, the study sought answers to the following problems. 1. The information of the outsourced parties is not well organized. 2. The paper based transaction system is time consuming. 3. Calculations on transaction with the complexity is not accurate 4.Retrieval of needed information is not punctual. 5. It requires too many employee s to assess and manage different transaction from different departments. 1. 3 Objectives of the Study This study will not be possible without the presence of goals or objectives. These objectives will serve as guides in determining the proposed of the proponents has been achieve. 1. 3. 1 General Objective The study aims to develop a â€Å"Company Transactions Processing System† that will replace the existing system providing more advantages, security, faster and reliable transaction. 1. 3. 2 Specific ObjectivesThe specific objectives of the proposed system entitled â€Å"Company Transactions Processing System† are: 1. To provide an efficient system that can maintain and manage the information of outsourced parties. 2. To provide a system that can lessen the time consumed in different transactions. 3. To provide an accurate system that accurately computes transactions with vital calculations. 4. To provide a system that can sends the information needed faster and more o rganized. 5. To reduce the employee in maintaining the records of transactions and the said third parties involved. 1. Assumptions The assumption of the study will determine that you expect to happen in your study. It is a partial conclusion that the proponents stated throughout the development of the study. The proponents’ assumptions are as follows: The following are the assumption of the proponents 1. The system will maintain and manage the information from the employees 2. The system will lessen the time of being consume in transaction 3. The system will accurately compute complex transactions.. 4. The system will send information needed by other departments in their transactions. 5.The system will reduce the employee in maintaining and operating the transaction process. 1. 5 Conceptual Framework of the Study The proponents were able to get and give process and flow of the proposed study and how it reacts with the user. It shows the input variables the processed involved in generating the expected output of the system. The paradigm of the existing system and the proposed system is presented below. Figure 1. 1 shows the paradigm of the manual transaction method of the school. The Output is the Existing Transaction System which Colegio De Sebastian is currently using. Output Manual Transactions System ProcessManual: Gathering of data Record keeping Computation of payments Input Outsourced parties information Employee information Transactions information Evaluation Output Manual Transactions System Process Manual: Gathering of data Record keeping Computation of payments Input Outsourced parties information Employee information Transactions information Evaluation Figure 1. 1 Paradigm of the Existing System Figure 1. 2 composed of three boxes for the input, process and the output. All the information is saved on the database to keep and manipulates properly the information. Output refers to the Company Transactions Processing System OutputCompany Transac tions System for Colegio de Sebastian Output Company Transactions System for Colegio de Sebastian Process Data interpretation Integration of data into the system Computerized assessment of information Computerized computation of payments Generate reports Process Data interpretation Integration of data into the system Computerized assessment of information Computerized computation of payments Generate reports Input Outsourced parties Information Registration Forms Employee’s transactions information Company other transactions information Input Outsourced parties Information Registration Forms Employee’s transactions informationCompany other transactions information Evaluation Evaluation Figure 1. 2 Paradigm of the Proposed System 1. 6 Significance of the Study The proposed system will be useful in our locale â€Å"Colegio de Sebastian† which helps eradicate the usage of the existing manual methods. The proponents believed that it will provide speed, efficiency, e ffectiveness in their transaction process. It will provide speed in Assessment of the employees, security and user-friendliness in mind. 1. 6. 1 Economic Significance Every school or company has the initiative to maximize their efficiency to save time, money, and increase growth.The proposed system lessens the man power because the system itself can automatically assess the subject of the employees. There is no need to hire personnel who will manually assess the subject of the employees. 1. 6. 2 Educational Significance This study will be significant to Proponents to improve their skills and it will help them practice and be able to share their study to future proponents. The system also offer an improvement of the school transaction, in that case even the professor, employee and the employees can acquire deeper knowledge to cope up in changing the old way of their transaction rocess. 1. 6. 3 Social Significance The system’s easy to use interface, speed, accuracy, efficiency and effectiveness can help the user gain confidence, lessen effort and for a faster transaction process that will help them perform well in work. Having an organized and automated system in any school is one factor to have a smooth operation. Having this system, the school can strongly monitor the transaction of every employee which turns provides a peace of mind. 1. 6. 4 Technological Significance Computerization in the business or even in school today has become the current trend today.Many industries rely on the power that computers have to offer. And with the study, many schools will have to initiative to revolutionize their systems for their own advantage. We all know that technology is frequently changing and reshaping our life. The use of barcode, kiosk and Shot Message Service are integrated in this study to deliver different enhancement that will be beneficial to the employees, teachers and employee. 1. 7 Scope and Delimitations The scope and delimitations of the proposed s ystem entitled â€Å"Company Transactions Processing System† are emphasized in this section.The proposed system has an ability to manage and manipulate the information of the employee. This system uses database in keeping the record and have an assurance that the information is secured from the directory. The proposed system can automatically assess the subject of the employees by scanning their employee identification and through the use of kiosk the employees can choose those subjects they want to enroll. This scope makes the transaction system more convenient to the employee and to the employees because it is just a self service in the part of the employee.The system has a different level of access. The system administrator is the one who manage and maintain the overall operation; he can access both the server and client side. While the Registrar, Accounting, Professor and the Employee has limited access in the system. The registrar can only access the registering matters like inputting of employee profile and maintaining the assessment of the subject. The accounting can only access with regards in the collecting of fees, he can access the payment of the fee from the employees.The professor access in the system is the posting of grades of the employees and lastly the employees can only access the kiosk part of the system which provides an auto assessment of their subjects with the use of barcode that is embedded in their id. Each system that had been developed has its own limitations and weaknesses that the user must know. The following is the limitation of the proposed system. In the part of the employee, any lost or misplacement of Employees Identification are subjects for replacement. The employees are the responsible to avail the new Employee Identification.The system cannot send any messages to the employees who has no cell phone and to the employees who are not register on the system itself. It is not responsible for the delay of messages and n etwork weak signals. Such incident will be part of the network provider. The system is dependent on the electricity. If power failure occurs, all the system operation will terminate. Even the sending of SMS will temporarily unavailable. The system ID generator has a limited caption and image you can enter to the ID, five captions with two images in the front and also five caption and two images in the back.The Design of the ID is depended on how the users design the ID. 1. 8Operational Definition of Terms There are different terms that the proponents used; the following are the definition of the operational terms that the proponents used. Data – are distinct pieces of information usually formatted in special way. Data can exist in variety of forms – as numbers, or text on piece of paper, as bit or bytes stored in electronic memory Database – is an integrated collection of logically-related records or files consolidated into a common pool that provides data for o ne or more multiple uses.One way of classifying databases involves the type of content, for example: bibliographic, full-text, numeric, and image. Local Area Network (LAN)–A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers in a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, or office building Module – is a self-contained component of a system, which has a well-defined interface to other components Software – The programs, routines, and symbolic languages that control the functioning of the hardware and direct its operation.Structure Query Language (SQL)–A standardized query language for maintaining and accessing database information, it support distributed databases and allows user on a network to access same data simultaneously. User interface – In the industrial design field of human-machine interaction, the user interface is (a place) where interaction between humans and machines occurs. The goal of interact ion between a human and a machine at the user interface is effective operation.

Children and young people’s development Essay

Learning outcome 2: Understand the kinds of influences that effect children and young people’s development. We can all be influenced by different things through life, a child’s emotional, physical, social, intellectual development can be affected by different influences, bullying, death, divorce and many more. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 1.2 There are many different examples of how different aspects of development can have an affect on one another, here are a few examples. If a child speaks a foreign language as their first and they and their family have just moved to this country to live, this may lead to them having a language barrier, the child may be very shy, find it very hard to communicate with others and isolate themselves and finding it difficult to make friends. All of these can affect the child emotionally, socially, possibly creating behavioural problems and lowering their self-esteem, all having an effect on their development. A child who finds it difficult to interact with other children due to reasons such as bullying, may find it difficult to express how they feel, and unable to tell anyone what is happening to them. This can affect the child, emotionally they may become very upset easily or even aggressive at times, they may be affected socially, thinking that all children are going to bully them and so isolating themselves from others, and losing confidence. These may all affect their ability to concentrate in the classroom and may in turn start affecting their levels. A child who may have a disability may find that not being able to participate with certain lessons for example PE, may leave them feeling that they are being isolated and that they are different to the others, this may affect their social, behavioural and emotional development. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 2.1 Children and young people can be affected by different kinds of influences and these can have an effect on their development. Background We all come from different backgrounds whether it be ethnic, cultural, our  environment or just circumstances. It may be that the child speaks a foreign language and is finding it difficult to communicate with others. A child may have different cultural needs to those children within the school environment. The child may come from a deprived home where there is little money and the child is not getting sufficient nutrients to sustain them during a school day. Causing lack of concentration. Also the child’s parents may be going through a divorce or separation, this can be very traumatic for a child. All of these can have an effect on the development of a child, and their ability to learn. Health Development can be affected if the child suffers with poor health or a physical disability. Low income and not being able to afford the right foods and nutrients will have an effect, physically and intellectually the child may be affected. A child with a physical disability may be emotionally and socially effected because of not being able to participate. It’s important that they are supported and included as much as possible. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 2.2 Recognising and responding to children’s and young people’s development is important, it ensures the child or young person receives the right help and support. As soon as it is recognised that a child has a problem then the right action can be taken to ensure the child gets any help or support with their learning and they can also be monitored. If a child was ignored or the problem was not detected then their development may suffer, causing them to fall behind, or not reach their goals. You may have started to notice that a particular child is quieter than normal and isn’t their normal happy self, this could be a cause of concern, you may feel that you are able to ask the child if there is anything bothering them. They may respond by telling you that their mum and dad are not getting along and dad has left the home. This may affect the emotional behaviour of the child as well as their social as they feel they can’t talk to any of their friends about it. You may feel it’s necessary to speak to their teacher, but it’s important that this is kept as confidential. It would then be necessary to monitor the child’s development and behaviour. Being able to recognise and see a concern with a child can make all the difference to their development in the future. Being able to listen, understand and help is an important role to play as a TA.

Supply and Demand Simulation

1 Supply and Demand Simulation Connie F. Dents ECO/365 November 6, 2012 Tulin Koray 2 Supply and Demand Simulation The Supply and Demand Simulation is about the rental of two- bedroom apartments that is managed by Goolife Management Company. The Goodlife Management Company is in the City of Atlantis. The Simulation will show the different scenarios in how the shift in demand and supply curve, demand and supply shift, price ceilings, and the equilibrium changes, also the decrease and increase, and how supplies changes can stay the same.This assignment asks to identify two microeconomics and two macroeconomics principles or concepts from the simulation. Before one can identify he or she needs to know the definition of microeconomics and macroeconomics. As stated by (Colander, 2010) Microeconomics is the study of individual choice and how that choice is influenced by economics forces. Macroeconomics is the study of the economy as state by (Colander, 2010). Scenario one and four identify microeconomics concepts.In scenario one it describes the Goodlife management company, which manages two- bed room apartment’s has a large amount of vacancy, to have less vacancy the Goodlife management company would need to lower the rate on the rental property from 28% to 15%. By reducing the rental rate quantity is but a lower rate with other things remain constant. The Goodlife Company will have more apartments, which are not at a demanded. 2 The rental company continues to have surplus of apartment but to rent them the rental rate would have to be reduced. In the fourth scenario it explains that Lintech has move to Atlantis, which increase the city ofAtlantis population. The increase demand for apartments have increased, this will increase the rate of rent. Because the rental is higher, but this is a demand and supply increase, and the 2,350 apartment would have been rented for the price of $1,400. Macroeconomics is identified in scenario three and seven. In scenario thr ee a statistics was provided by the Atlantis housing survey on the demand for two- bedroom apartments in the city of Atlantis. It states that so many apartments will be demanded, but survey shows an imbalance between quantity demanded and quantity supplied at the price of renting a two-bedroom apartment.Because of high rent folk that works in Atlantis lives in neighboring towns because of the low rent. For there not to be a balance between quantity demanded and quantity supplied the rental rate have to decrease. When the scale is balanced, it show equilibrium has been meet. When the rental rate is below the equilibrium this causes for the quantity demanded is larger than the quantity supplied, this leads to a shortage of apartment in the market. Scenario seven states that the government imposed a price ceiling on rental property in the last two years that cannot exceed $1500. 3The imposing of the price ceiling in this scenario is below equilibrium as in this case, it makes the quant ity supply less than the quantity demand. As stated in the (ecampus. phoenix. edu) prices ceiling can have both economic and social consequences. In scenario two the shift of supply curve is upward sloping, and in scenario four the demand curve shifts to the left. In scenario two where the supply curve is upward sloping this was caused from an increase in rental rate. In scenario four the cause of the shift in the demand curve is caused from more people demanding apartments.In the shift of supply curve it would not affect the equilibrium price, as stated in the (ecampus. phoenix. edu) the supply curve for products are imaginary line at a point, which tells you the quantities, and the decision maker cannot access the supply curve. In the shift of the demand curve means that the quantity demanded is more than the quantity supplied at the original equilibrium, and the decision maker would increase the quantity demand. In the workplace I would apply it to access as to what student are a ccomplishing according to mastery, partial mastery, or non- mastery, and his would help all person who are assisting the students to know what his or her needs are. Price elasticity of demands affected consumers as related to the simulation is the increased and decreasing prices of the rental property. Folk that worked in the city of Atlantis lived in neighboring city because of the high priced two-bedroom apartments. 5 Reference Economics for Business, University of Phoenix, Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu Colander, D. C. (2010). Economics (8th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill

Police Brutality Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Police Brutality Law - Research Paper Example Besides, various states and regions have come up with their own police brutality laws. For example, in Minnessotta, Police brutality not only entails excessive use of force by police, but also entails; unnecessary gun use, beating civilians with fists, using batons to beat civilians, choking, unnecessary and inappropriate use of pepper spray, using police dogs inappropriately, body slamming against hard surfaces, abuse of the rights of a prisoner, and the unnecessary and inappropriate use of tasers by police (Johnson 26). Police brutality laws Police brutality laws not only apply to police officers, but also apply to sheriffs, detectives, security guards and many deputies. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) denotes that violations by law enforcement officers may be categorized under use of unwarranted excessive force, verbal abuse, racial-profiling, harassment and discrimination; however, all these subsections denote police abuse and brutality. Any police officer in the US who uses undue excessive force on civilians violates the 5th and 14th Amendments of the US Constitution. The Fifth Amendment is used by US courts when guarding against unreasonable searches and seizures in various police brutality cases. The 5th Amendment guarantees that civilians have freedom from any unreasonable searches and seizures. Using this amendment, judges and advocates have argued that law enforcement officers need not cause harm to citizens. The US Supreme Court states that the word ‘reasonable’ implies that various situations need various amounts of force, and as a result of this excessive force should in all circumstances be avoided. Apart from protecting against police brutality, the 5th Amendment also requires that no individual should be compelled to be one’s own witness in criminal proceeding (Mary 47). The Fourteenth Amendment requires that no state in the US shall enact and enforce laws that are repugnant to the privileges and immunities of Ameri can citizens. The 14th Amendment further states that no State has the right of depriving American Citizens liberty, life or property without following lawful procedures. This implies that all citizens are required to appear before judicial bodies whenever they are suspected to have contravened the law. Therefore, use of excessive force by police violates the 14th Amendment because it is a way of punishing civilians before they are actually tried before judicial systems (Walker, Spohn & Delone 49). Apart from the 4th and 14th Amendments, there are other laws that have been passed in the past, and these have ensured that police brutality should not be condoned. The 6th Amendment stipulates that people accused of criminal activities are accorded rights to an attorney, rights to speedy trials and impartial jury and right to confront or even cross-examine accusers. The 6th Amendment is helpful where the accused is beaten or forced to make a confession so that he can be prosecuted. This a mendment also protects individuals who are accused by use of evidence that culminated from illegal searches and seizures. The Eighth Amendment is important in that it protects all inmates from excessive force and unusual punishments. Therefore, whenever one is convicted of a crime, police brutality invokes the application of

Movie Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Movie Review - Essay Example It is Beauty in whom Yesterday’s hopes rest in seeing the girl break the vicious cycle of poverty and oppression through the opportunities of education. What Khumalo’s character does not realize early on in the film, and that which is the central theme of the film, is that the opportunities gained through education mean much more than a better income. As Yesterday will learn, it means, too, an informed mind, the means by which to confront old customs and traditions that have brought about a healthcare crisis in African and other third world countries by the rampant spread and devastation of AIDS. Khumalo’s character learns that her life will be cut short by the killer disease passed on to her by her husband. It is often the old traditions that continue to enslave people, especially women, on the social front long after freedoms are won on the political front. In the film Yesterday, we see plight of women whose lives are like the road upon which we see Yesterday walk down as she makes the two hour trip to the clinic to receive healthcare. It is a barren stretch of desert where the desolation of the landscape is a reflection of the lives of women enslaved by poverty and old traditions where men still prove their prowess by sexual conquest and performance. Yet there is beauty even in the barren South African landscape. This is contrasted by the beauty of the actresses, Khumalo and Mvelase as they walk together down that same road. The skillful close ups that capture the natural beauty of the two actresses is successful in casting the beauty of life onto the desolation of the landscape. Desolation in the desert, as in poverty, gives way to the beauty of life. However, we know, as seen in the community scenes where the harshness of life is deeply etched in the faces of the women scrubbing their clothes on scrub boards that â€Å"Beauty† without the opportunity of education to rise

Applications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Applications - Essay Example Therefore, introduction of the UGVs will help the agency to reinforce the security of its confidential packages while in transit. The robotic technology will be useful at the NIPR, SIPR and JWICS levels. The NIPRNet will basically be depending on high speed of the UGVs for transportation of data records to the headquarters in order to allow faster relying of data across the network. The information relayed across the network is not confidential but faster reliance would enable the private users to gain the necessary information conveniently. On the other hand, the NIPRNet would benefit from the UGVs through taking advantage of both their speed and high security of records while in transit. The network deals with highly confidential information that has to be secured effectively while eradicating all loopholes to security including human error. Therefore, the UGVs will be depended upon to transport manual files to the agency buildings for effective sharing of information across the network. Finally, the JWICS will benefit from the UGVs through securing effective sharing of material resources by the Department of Homeland Security, Department of Justice, Department of Defense and Department of State. This factor will ensure faster and reliable sharing of highly sensitive classified materials between the

Consumer Behaviour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Consumer Behaviour - Assignment Example Sachdev & Verma (2002) established that consumers are not only influenced by the appearance of a new product. Rather, their decision is highly dependent product promotion. Lush Cosmetics has developed men’s lotion as a start of diversification of its product line. Aqua Mist is a light weight body lotion that has a smooth texture, which the company associates with the desired fragrance among consumers. This aspect is viewed by the management as the justification for the new brand in the market. The company plans to produce different categories with regards to prices and size. Nessim and Wozniak (2009) suggest that consumers differ in demand preference. It is with this respect that the company decided to develop men’s lotion to cater for male consumers equally as past products have always catered for feminine needs. The reason as to why the company made the decision is to utilize the existing opportunity since no other company produces such variety for men’s lotion . Consumer preferences differ and hence for the company needs to satisfy a wide range of needs the lotion has to be produced in varying sizes, colors, scents and quantities. This strategy will enable the company to effectively accomplish market segmentation, targeting and position its products, thereby maintaining competitiveness. This approach to marketing has been applied to enhance performance and sustainability (Sachdev & Verma, 2002). Consumer Behavior Blackwell et al (2005) establish three phases of consumer decision making process which includes need recognition, information search and alternative evaluation and selection. Need recognition involves the realization that a need exists based on desire to acquire an item or service or may be prompted by a stimulus in the environment such as advertisements which create awareness. The marketers play a great role in influencing buying behaviour depending on their convincing degree. A buyer may not be aware of a product but through m arketing, he is made aware that such thing exists and, hence, he/she develops a desire to purchase or he may not be interested in the product based on age, attitude, emotions, and perceptions of the product, culture where taboos prohibit use of certain products (Hoyer & Macinnis, 2009). For a company to successfully introduce a new product in the market, it has to evaluate fully how the product will be adopted by the consumers. Consumers always demand value for their money when they making any purchase. Companies always seek to understand consumer behavior with respect to product development (Blackwell et al, 2005). Customer preferences change with time and, therefore, continuous assessment of the market is needed. The aim of research is to make sure customers derive satisfaction after consuming the goods, hence, buy more. Buyers’ behaviour is determined by various factors such as attitudes, personality, motivation, gender and the environment in general among others (Folkes, 2006). On the other hand, Blackwell et al (2005) argue that buyer’s behaviour is prompted by need or problem recognition. They make purchases but not all goods are up to expected standards hence customers are bound to make complaints. According to Hayes (2008), the successful development of a new product is highly dependent on the consumer. Consumers tend to be subjective with the kind of products or services they